Condition of Site

The site was partially destroyed by a broad slumping of the hillside above the site. Callalli residents (Ramos, Ordóñez, Windischhofer) have indicated that the creeping displacement began during the rainy season in early 2001.. Down-cutting in the stream bed of the adjacent Quebrada Taukamayo may have contributed to the recent creep. A historically large El Niño - Southern Oscillation occurred in the years 1997-1998, and a smaller one occurred in 2002-2003, therefore the slumping was not immediately attributable to the unusually heavy ENSO rainfall. Furthermore, a 2.5 m deep trench diverting water from the slope above Callalli was cut in the recent past, and this trench diverts water into the Quebrada Taukamayo watershed. The increased water volume in the quebrada beginning after the 1997-1998 ENSO and with additional water from the Callalli diversion trench, is perhaps contributing to a significant down-cutting of the stream bed which leads to a greater overall gradient of the slope and greater probability of sliding.

In the debris pile at the base of this landslide, ceramics from a variety of time periods were encountered, revealing the multicomponent nature of the settlement. While the landslide has destroyed much of the site, and threatens to destroy more area immediately north and south of the current slide zone, the creep has presented a few opportunities for archaeological observation as well. First, in the debris pile at the base of the slump one is able to observe ceramics from throughout the temporal sequence at the site. Second, in the cut on the north and south edges of the landslide, places where the cut varies between 50cm and 200cm in height, the 2003 survey team was able to observe lenses containing ash, bone, lithics, and pottery, permitting a relatively targeted testing of this deposit.