Answer two of the following three questions in a two part answer of no more than 200 words each.

1. Develop two examples of how contrasting environmental zones in the Andes affected the development of early complex societies in the region. What kinds of archaeological evidence can be used to inform on this issue?

2. How did monumental architecture develop through time in the region?

3. Compare the concept of "mother culture" in the case of Chavin de Huántar and the Olmec in Mesoamerica (from the previous reading) in terms of the role of art and ideology. Why are these arguments so often encountered, and what are the benefits and limitations of this perspective?