Abstract | To help document and interpret the development of pre-Columbian metallurgyprior to the Spanish invasion of the Andes, the author conducted a survey of portionsof northern and southern Pent to identify and describe early metallurgicalsites including mines, ore-processing areas, smelting installations. Several of themore interesting sites are discussed in detail. Coastal and highland sources ofcopper ores were identifi:ed, particularly along the north coast and in thealtiplano bordering Lake Titicaca. Among the most provocative results of thesurvey is new evidence that suwde ores of copper were being smelted long beforethe arrival of the Europeans, thereby indicating a level of sophistication of Andeanmetallurgy not previously recognized. |